Ⅱ. Utilitarianism
Ⅲ. Definition of Good and Evil
Ⅳ. The Definition and Criterion of Justice
Ⅴ. Justice Criterion on Different Relations
of Benefits
Ⅵ. The Source of Human Rights
Ⅶ. The Principle of Equality
9th ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 1998), 39-40.
19. W. D. Hamilton, “The Evolution of Altruistic Behavior,” American Naturalist 896 (1963): 354-356.
20. Philip J. Ivanhoe, & Bryan W. Van Norden, Readings in Classical Chinese Philosiphy (New York: Seven Bridge Press, 2001), 19.
21. Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (London; New york: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1982), 321.
22. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. (2007/C 303/01). EUR-Lex. http://eur-lex.europa.eu
/en/ treaties/dat/32007x1214/htm/c2007303en.01000101.htm.
23. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings (Beijing: China University of Politics and Law Press, 2003), 52-53.
24. John S. Mill, Utilitarianism, 2nd ed. (Indiana- polis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2001), 55-57.
25. Ibid., 47.
26. Ibid., 14.
27. Jacques P. Thiroux, & Keith W. Krasemann, Ethics: Theory and Practice, 9th ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1998), 46.
28. Immanuel Kant, The moral law: groundwork of the metaphysic of morals, Translated by H. J. Paton. (London; New York: Routledge, 2005), 106.
29. Ibid., 69.
30. Ibid., 70.
31. Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (London; New york: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1982), 312.
32. By comparison, the song of Internationale said, “No savior from on high delivers,” “the internationale unites the human race.”
33. Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 2nd ed. (New York; Victoria: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 182.
34. Ibid., 182.
35. Ibid., 160-161.
36. Immanuel Kant, The moral law: groundwork of the metaphysic of morals, Translated by H. J. Paton. (London; New York: Routledge, 2005), 97.