The generality of life is special ways of combination of positive feedback and negative feedback, which determine the characteristics of life. The generality of life have nothing to do with components. Molecular biologists, therefore, cannot find the generality of life by reducing simply to components like physicists. What is more, molecular biology is not able to tell whether chemical ways are necessary conditions of the origin of life.

Ⅲ. Progress of System Theories

System theories pay attention to structure of system instead of components. So it is not surprised that system theories plays important role in research of life. The starting point of system theories is the belief that function is determined by structure. The reason why life has different characteristics with non-life is that life has different structure.

Early system theories was not influential because they did not find relations of feedback. Later, negative feedback was discovered. As a result, the Cybernetics progressed quickly. After that, the Dissipative Structure Theory and the Hypercycle Theory discovered some phenomena about positive feedback, so they won the Nobel Prizes.

System theories have not provided a correct answer of the essence of life yet. The Dissipative Structure Theory noticed that order and self-organization are possible when system is in the state of non-equilibrium by consuming energy (Prigogine, Nicolis, & Babloyantz, 1974). But it did not notice that neither the state of non-equilibrium nor consuming energy is necessary conditions or sufficient conditions of order, let alone necessary and sufficient conditions of life.

The Dissipative Structure Theory takes openness, nonlinear and fluctuation as the essence of self- organization. But they are not important though they are necessary conditions of self-organization. At least they are not essence of life. Because openness, nonlinear and fluctuation are not special characteristics of self- organizational systems, let alone special charac- teristics of life. There is not any closed objective system in the world. There are fluctuations everywhere. There are many kinds of nonlinear processes. As a kind of nonlinear process, sine wave has nothing to do with self-